A chromosomal disorder is a genetic condition caused by an abnormality in the number or structure of chromosomes in a person's cells. Chromosomes are the structures in cells that contain genetic material, or DNA, and humans typically have 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total). Chromosomal disorders can occur when there is a problem with the number or structure of these chromosomes. For example, a person may be born with an extra chromosome (such as in Down syndrome, which is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21), or they may be missing a chromosome (such as in Turner syndrome, which is caused by the absence of one of the X chromosomes). Chromosomal disorders can cause a wide range of symptoms and health problems, depending on the specific disorder and the extent of the chromosomal abnormality. Some chromosomal disorders may not cause any noticeable symptoms, while others can cause developmental delays, intellectual disabilities, birth defects, and other health problems. Treatment for chromosomal disorders varies depending on the specific disorder and its symptoms, and may include medication, surgery, or other interventions to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.