Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease of the lungs represented by irreversible airflow limitation.COPD is known as the third reason of death in the world. This respiratory disease caused 3.2 million death in 2015, which was 11.6% higher than the mortality rate of COPD patients in 1990. The prevalence of COPD is estimated to be 15.7% and 10% in men and women, respectively. Air particles and smoking are two major causes of COPD. Air particles cause airway inflammation, reduce the defense of the antioxidant system against oxidants, and increase oxidative stress.The pathophysiology of COPD is based on this inflammatory process and oxidative stress.Exacerbation of COPD happens frequently and causes morbidity and mortality. Exacerbation of COPD is featured by symptoms like cough, sputum production, and dyspnea.Clinical guidelines for preventing exacerbation and treating COPD include using pharmacological treatment and changing lifestyle by stopping smoking. Pharmacological treatments such as bronchodilators and corticosteroids can be used.