Radiation therapy is a common treatment option for cancer. It uses high-energy radiation to destroy or damage cancer cells, thus stopping their growth and preventing them from spreading to other parts of the body. Radiation therapy can be used alone or in combination with other cancer treatments, such as surgery or chemotherapy. There are two main types of radiation therapy: external beam radiation and internal radiation therapy. External beam radiation therapy uses a machine to deliver radiation from outside the body, while internal radiation therapy involves the implantation of a radioactive source directly into the tumor or the surrounding tissue. Radiation therapy works by damaging the DNA of cancer cells, which prevents them from dividing and growing. It also damages normal cells, but healthy cells are better able to repair themselves than cancer cells. Therefore, radiation therapy is carefully planned to minimize the damage to healthy tissue while maximizing the effect on cancer cells. Radiation therapy can cause side effects, which may vary depending on the type and location of the cancer being treated. Common side effects include fatigue, skin changes, nausea, and diarrhea. Most side effects are temporary and can be managed with medication or other treatments. Radiation therapy is often used as part of a multidisciplinary approach to cancer treatment. It may be used before or after surgery to shrink the tumor or destroy any remaining cancer cells. It may also be used in combination with chemotherapy to enhance its effectiveness. Radiation therapy is an important tool in the fight against cancer. It has been shown to be effective in treating many different types of cancer, including breast, lung, prostate, and head and neck cancer. However, like all cancer treatments, it has its limitations and is not suitable for every patient or every type of cancer. In conclusion, radiation therapy is a valuable treatment option for cancer patients. It works by damaging cancer cells and preventing them from growing and spreading. Although it can cause side effects, they are usually temporary and can be managed effectively. Radiation therapy is often used in combination with other cancer treatments, such as surgery and chemotherapy, to provide the best possible outcome for patients.