While the exact cause of ulcerative colitis (UC) is not fully understood, it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. The chronic inflammation in UC affects the lining of the large intestine, leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding. One of the significant concerns in UC is the increased risk of associated colorectal cancer (UCCC). Colorectal cancer is considered the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including UC. It is responsible for approximately 10-15% of deaths in patients with IBD. The risk of colorectal cancer in UC patients has been a topic of debate in the literature. Early studies, such as the meta-analysis by Eaden et al. from 15 years ago, reported a cumulative risk of colorectal cancer in UC patients as 2% at 10 years. However, subsequent studies have suggested that the risk may not be as high as previously reported. The meta-analysis conducted by Lutgens et al., which reviewed studies published from 1988 to 2009, found that the risk of colorectal cancer was increased in IBD patients but not as high as earlier studies had indicated. The pooled standardized incidence rate in their analysis was 1.7.

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