Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a severe disease caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The virus attacks the immune system, which weakens the body's ability to fight off infections and diseases. AIDS is one of the most devastating pandemics in modern history, with over 38 million people worldwide living with HIV/AIDS, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). HIV is primarily transmitted through blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. The most common modes of transmission are unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing of needles, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. In some cases, HIV can also be transmitted through blood transfusions or organ transplants. The symptoms of AIDS vary from person to person and can take years to appear. Some common symptoms include fever, fatigue, weight loss, and night sweats. As the immune system continues to weaken, patients may develop more severe infections and diseases, including tuberculosis, pneumonia, and certain types of cancer. Although there is no cure for AIDS, antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been highly effective in managing the disease. ART involves taking a combination of drugs that target the virus at different stages of its life cycle, reducing its ability to replicate and keeping it under control. With proper treatment, many people with HIV/AIDS can live long and healthy lives. Preventing HIV transmission is crucial in the fight against AIDS. The most effective way to prevent transmission is through safe sex practices, such as using condoms, and avoiding sharing needles. HIV testing and early diagnosis are also essential in preventing the spread of the virus. In addition, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective medication that can be taken daily to prevent HIV transmission in people who are at high risk of contracting the virus. Despite the progress made in the treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS, there are still many challenges that must be addressed. Stigma and discrimination continue to be major barriers to HIV testing and treatment, particularly among vulnerable populations. Access to healthcare and medication is also a significant issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. In conclusion, AIDS remains a significant global health challenge, but with continued efforts to prevent transmission, improve access to healthcare, and develop new treatments, we can make progress towards ending the epidemic.